Treatment typically involves psychotherapy. Therapy can help people gain control over the dissociative process and symptoms. The goal of therapy is to help integrate the different elements of identity. Therapy may be intense and difficult as it involves remembering and coping with past traumatic experiences. Cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavioral therapy are two commonly used types of therapy. Hypnosis has also been found to be helpful in treatment of dissociative identity disorder.
There are no medications to directly treat the symptoms of dissociative identity disorder. However, medication may be helpful in treating related conditions or symptoms, such as the use of antidepressants to treat symptoms of depression. During these altered experiences the person is aware of reality and that their experience is unusual. The experience is very distressful, even though the person may appear to be unreactive or lacking emotion.
Symptoms may begin in early childhood; the average age a person experiences the disorder is Dissociative amnesia involves not being able to recall information about oneself not normal forgetting.
This amnesia is usually related to a traumatic or stressful event and may be:. Further along the continuum are non- pathological altered states of consciousness. More pathological dissociation involves dissociative disorders. Most individuals have experienced a dissociative state at some point in their lives. Rarely is the host alter aware of their time loss. Each of the distinct identities or personalities has its own way of perceiving, thinking about, and relating to itself and the environment.
Previously known as multiple personality disorder, DID became popularized in with the publication of the highly influential book and later miniseries Sybil.
Though the book and subsequent films helped popularize the diagnosis and trigger an epidemic of the diagnosis, later analysis of the case argue that Sybil may not have actually had DID.
The person must experience gaps in memory related to certain events or personal information that cannot be accounted for by ordinary forgetfulness. The disorder must lead to some kind of impairment in social, occupational, or daily life functioning, and the symptoms must not be attributed to normal cultural or religious practices or fantasy play in children.
Finally, these symptoms are not accounted for by substance abuse, seizures, or other medical conditions, nor by imaginative play in children. Amnesia refers to the partial or total forgetting of some experience or event. An individual with dissociative amnesia is unable to recall important personal information, usually following an extremely stressful or traumatic experience such as combat, natural disasters, or being the victim of violence.
Most fugue episodes last only a few hours or days, but some can last longer. To be diagnosed with dissociative amnesia, an individual must be unable to recall autobiographic memory associated with a traumatic event.
Usually the individual is unconsciously selective in their recall of trauma. In dissociative fugue, people lose some or all memories of their past, and they usually disappear from their usual environments, leaving their family and job.
See also Overview of Dissociative Disorders Overview of Dissociative Disorders Occasionally everyone has minor problems integrating their memories, perceptions, identity, and consciousness.
For example, people may drive somewhere and then realize that they do not remember People have gaps in their memory, which may span A dissociative fugue may last from hours to months, occasionally longer. If the fugue is brief, people may appear simply to have missed some work or come home late. If the fugue lasts several days or longer, people may travel far from home, form a new identity, and begin a new job, unaware of any change in their life.
Many fugues appear to represent disguised wish fulfillment or the only permissible way to escape from severe distress or embarrassment. For example, a financially distressed executive leaves a hectic life and lives as a farm hand in the country.
Thus, dissociative fugue is often mistaken for malingering faking physical or psychologic symptoms to obtain a benefit because both conditions can give people an excuse to avoid their responsibilities as in an intolerable marriage , to avoid accountability for their actions, or to reduce their exposure to a known hazard, such as a battle.
However, dissociative fugue, unlike malingering, occurs spontaneously and is not faked. Mental illness. Home Mental illness. Dissociation and dissociative disorders. Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. Symptoms A range of dissociative disorders Dissociative amnesia Dissociative fugue Depersonalisation disorder Dissociative identity disorder Causes Complications Diagnosis Treatment Where to get help Things to remember.
A range of dissociative disorders Mental health professionals recognise four main types of dissociative disorder, including: Dissociative amnesia Dissociative fugue Depersonalisation disorder Dissociative identity disorder. The four categories of dissociative amnesia include: Localised amnesia — for a time, the person has no memory of the traumatic event at all.
For example, following an assault, a person with localised amnesia may not recall any details for a few days. Selective amnesia — the person has patchy or incomplete memories of the traumatic event. Generalised amnesia — the person has trouble remembering the details of their entire life. Systematised amnesia — the person may have a very particular and specific memory loss; for example, they may have no recollection of one relative.
Dissociative fugue Dissociative fugue is also known as psychogenic fugue. Dissociative identity disorder Dissociative identity disorder DID is the most controversial of the dissociative disorders and is disputed and debated among mental health professionals.
Causes Most mental health professionals believe that the underlying cause of dissociative disorders is chronic trauma in childhood. Complications Without treatment, possible complications for a person with a dissociative disorder may include: Life difficulties such as broken relationships and job loss Sleep problems such as insomnia Sexual problems Severe depression Anxiety disorders Eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia Problematic drug use including alcoholism Self-harm, including suicide.
Diagnosis If you are concerned that you or a loved one may have a dissociative disorder, it is important to seek professional help.
For example: Physical causes such as head trauma or brain tumours can cause amnesia and other cognitive problems. Mental illnesses such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder may cause similar symptoms to a dissociative disorder. The effects of certain substances, including some recreational drugs and prescription medications, can mimic symptoms.
Diagnosis may be further hampered when a dissociative disorder coexists with another mental health problem such as depression. Treatment The effectiveness of treatments for dissociative disorders has not been studied.
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